What mathematical operation is used to calculate distance in surveying?

The correct choice for calculating distance in surveying is the square root of the sum of squares of easting and northing. This method derives from the Pythagorean theorem, which is fundamental in determining the distance between two points in a Cartesian coordinate system. In surveying, easting and northing refer to coordinates that represent horizontal distances in the east-west and north-south directions, respectively.

When you square the easting and northing values, you’re effectively applying the theorem that states the square of the hypotenuse (distance in this case) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides (easting and northing). Then, taking the square root of that sum gives you the actual distance between the two points in question. This is essential in surveying for ensuring accurate measurements and calculations.

The other options, while mentioning operations involving easting and northing, do not correctly represent how to compute the distance in a two-dimensional plane. Summing the squares, multiplying them, or simply finding the difference does not adhere to the principles necessary for accurately determining distance, making them inappropriate for this application.